In the modern global financial system, about 200 stock exchanges currently operate and operate. But in this numerous system, only a few can be distinguished, bidding on which significantly affect the economy, and some are real indicators of the state of finance and the development of the world economy.
Based on stock indices and total trading turnover, we present the largest stock exchanges in the world.
Bolsa de valores
Let's start with the largest exchange in Latin America, which is conveniently located among the avenues and streets of the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo. Bidding began in the distant 1890, and today it has concentrated more than 72% of all trade transactions in South America.
In the 60s, it became a non-profit organization with full autonomy, which led to a sharp development and growth.
Not without incident. In 1997, the Bolsa de Valores index fell by almost 10%, but the company was able to stay afloat, and by 2005 daily transactions were completed in the amount of $ 1.2 billion.
The Bombay Stock Exchange Limited
Opened in 1875, BSE has become the oldest exchange not only in India, but also in Asia.
The British were at the forefront, for then India was a British colony. She had to withstand great competition in the region, and today the 100 largest companies in the region use her services.
It is noteworthy that the banyan tree, or Bengal ficus, under which the first transactions were conducted, grows in Mumbai (Bombay until 1995) to this day.
Szse
This stock market is located in the city of Shenzhen in the People's Republic of China, and the first trading began in 1990. Shares are divided into two categories, for the first, the calculation is made in national currency - RMB, for the second category in Hong Kong dollars.
It works closely with Hong Kong, for which both companies have opened their financial markets for each other and are conducting cross-tenders. This significantly improved the quality indicators of both companies.
In 2003, the Chinese authorities banned bidding, due to the threat of the spread of SARS, because there is always a large crowd of people in the SZSE building.
Toronto stock exchange
The main currency of this site, naturally, is the Canadian dollar, because the headquarters of this joint-stock company is located in Toronto.
The oldest financial organization not only in North America, but also in the world, began to conduct transactions and trade in securities in 1852. The index introduced by TSE is called S & P / TSX and reflects the real financial condition of 180 global companies.
In the late 80s, a crash almost happened when the TSX 300 lost 11%, and in 2002 the name of the main indicator was replaced.
Hong Kong Stock Exchange
More than 1,500 companies, not only in the Asian region, but also in Europe, today use the services of this site, which has been tracing its history since 1891.
After World War II, it began to absorb smaller such sites, and the last acquisition was the purchase in 2012 of the London Automobile Exchange.
It positions itself as a reliable company, although in 1997 the index fell 10 percent and HKE lost $ 29 billion due to the crisis.
Shanghai stock exchange
Chinese exchanges are also firmly on the stock market, the largest of which in mainland China is the Shanghai site.
China only recently burst into this process, but has already established itself as a large and reliable player in the world of securities trading.
It adopted the SSE Composite index, which reflects the financial condition of all companies whose shares are rotated in Shanghai.
NYSE Euronext
Pan-European exchange, which brings together several branches located in Belgium, Holland, Portugal and France. In recent years, it has reached a turnover of $ 2.9 trillion, which has brought NYSE Euronext to world leaders.
The exchange is the same age as the first transactions began in September 2000. In 2006 it merged with the New York Stock Exchange, after which it received the NYSE prefix to its European name.
NASDAQ
The name of this American exchange in Russian transcription sounds like "Nasdak", and initially provided only information services.
Over time, they began to hold tenders, and then grew into the largest player in the securities market.
It began its work on the securities market in early February 1971, and at the present stage trades in the shares of more than 3 thousand 200 companies. Including the services of the exchange are two large companies from Russia.
London stock exchange
The oldest stock exchange in the world, which began operations in 1801, itself acts as a joint stock company. Its shares are actively rotating at their own auction.
It works in two directions, the main one is for large companies, and the alternative. With more loyal rules, to support young industrial enterprises and firms.
Of the interesting in its history, we note that during the Second World War, bidding took place in the basement, as a German rocket hit the building itself.
Tokyo Stock Exchange
The exchange, headquartered in the capital of Japan, was organized in 1878, and today this Asian marketplace takes second place after New York's total capitalization.
After the war, the sharp growth of the Japanese economy allowed the exchange to stay afloat, and eventually become a world leader. The Tokyo Stock Exchange trades shares in 3,650 Japanese companies, including 6 foreign.
Note that the best exchanges in the Asian region at one time became part of it, thereby increasing financial turnover.
New york stock exchange
There are 13 stock exchanges in the United States, but only the New York Stock Exchange is not only the largest in the United States, but also worldwide.
Among major players, it is on it that the world-famous Dow Jones Index is formed, which determines the price of shares of major industrial companies.
In addition, she is one of the oldest on earth, who began her work in March 1817, although the first transaction was carried out in a cafe in New York in May 1792.
As you can see, the largest stock exchanges actively influence the economy and the state of world finance. Understanding the complex mechanism of their work is quite difficult, but most of humanity plays on the stock exchange, but not everyone, as is usually the case, is the winner.